Thủy kích là gì?
Thuỷ kích là thuật ngữ chuyên ngành sử dụng trong lĩnh vực ô tô để chỉ cho tình trạng nước xâm nhập vào khoang động cơ, buồng đốt theo đường ống nạp (cổ hút gió) vào bên trong động cơ khiến xe chết máy đột ngột. Khi xe bị thủy kích và động cơ chết máy, tuyệt đối không nổ máy lại động cơ và nhanh chóng gọi cứu hộ kéo xe về đại lý chính hãng gần nhất để xử lý.
Trong điều kiện thông thường, hỗn hợp gồm nhiên liệu và không khí được nén trong buồng đốt (xi-lanh) và cháy, tạo ra chuyển động lên xuống của piston. Nhưng nếu nước xâm nhập vào bên trong buồng đốt, hoạt động của piston sẽ bị cản trở. Theo quán tính chuyển động, tay biên gắn với piston di chuyển không đúng hướng có thể va chạm và gãy, kéo theo những hư hại khác như gãy trục khuỷu, thủng nắp máy.
Thuỷ kích thường để chỉ những hư hỏng về động cơ. Tuỳ vào mức nước ngập, các chi tiết bị ảnh hưởng có thể kể đến như sau:
Nước ngập từ sàn xe trở xuống: Ngoài dầu động cơ, dầu hộp số có nguy cơ bị nước xâm nhập, hệ thống phanh và các bộ phận nội thất như thảm trải sàn, tấm cách âm, loa, bộ điều khiển (ECU) túi khí trung tâm cũng bị ảnh hưởng.
Nước ngập từ đệm ghế trở xuống: Ngoài các chi tiết ở trên, những bộ phận có khả năng hư hại như đệm ghế, bộ căng đai khẩn cấp, giắc nối điện. Với khoang động cơ là những bộ phận như máy khởi động, máy phát, máy nén…
Nước ngập từ táp-lô (bảng điều khiển) trở xuống: Ngoài các chi tiết ở trên, xe có thể hư hỏng thêm hệ thống điều hoà, các ECU, hệ thống nghe nhìn. Bên cạnh đó, môtơ điều khiển kính, bộ chấp hành bơm ABS, trợ lực lái cũng có thể bị ảnh hưởng.
Nước ngập từ táp-lô (bảng điều khiển) trở lên: Tất cả các chi tiết của xe đều có khả năng bị hư hại.
Xe bị thủy kích xử lý thế nào?
Lời khuyên của các chuyên gia kỹ thuật Toyota Việt Nam cho tài xế khi ô tô chết máy khi qua vùng ngập nước, là tuyệt đối không khởi động lại động cơ bằng mọi cách. Việc làm này có thể khiến nước xâm nhập sâu hơn vào buồng đốt, dẫn đến hư hỏng nặng hơn các chi tiết bên trong động cơ. Đồng thời, khởi động xe khiến hệ thống điện hoạt động trong tình trạng dính nước sẽ dẫn đến nguy cơ chập mạch hệ thống điện và gây hư hỏng các chi tiết điện và điều khiển xe.
Nếu xe chết máy, tài xế nên dừng xe, gọi cứu hộ và đưa xe (bằng xe cứu hộ có sàn phẳng) đến các đại lý uỷ quyền của Toyota Việt Nam để được sửa chữa. Tại đây, nhân viên kỹ thuật của đại lý sẽ kiểm tra, đánh giá mức độ hư hại của thuỷ kích và đưa ra phương án xử lý tốt nhất cho chủ xe. Trường hợp xe không di chuyển nhưng đậu ở nơi bị nước ngập do mưa, lũ… cách xử lý cũng tương tự.
Sửa chữa hư hỏng các chi tiết của khoang động cơ rất phức tạp, tốn nhiều thời gian. Đặc biệt, chi phí thay thế một phần linh kiện hoặc cả cụm động cơ có thể lên đến hàng trăm triệu đồng. Chưa kể chất lượng xe không còn như thiết kế ban đầu, giá trị thanh khoản với xe cũ cũng giảm đáng kể.
Làm sao để tránh, hạn chế thủy kích?
Tài xế nên đánh giá mức độ nước ngập ở những cung đường xe lăn bánh. Nếu cho rằng mực nước cao quá nửa bán xe hoặc quan sát mực nước bằng cách quan sát xe chạy phía trước. Trong trường hợp không thể ước đoán mức độ, tài xế nên dừng xe chờ nước rút thay vì cố gắng đi qua.
Trong một số tình huống, mực nước không quá nửa bánh xe, nhưng các xe xung quanh di chuyển bên cạnh có thể tạo sóng nước dâng cao, làm tăng nguy cơ nước xâm nhập vào buồng đốt. Tài xế cũng nên cân nhắc không cho xe di chuyển qua những khu vực này.
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Bài viết nhấn mạnh tuyệt đối không nổ máy lại khi xe chết máy do ngập nước, điều này rất quan trọng vì nhiều tài xế thường cố khởi động lại theo phản xạ. Tôi thắc mắc: nếu xe chỉ ngập nhẹ và vẫn nổ máy bình thường sau đó thì có cần đưa đi kiểm tra động cơ ngay không, hay vẫn có nguy cơ hư hại ngầm?
Bài viết rất hữu ích trong mùa mưa bão này. Nhiều bác tài thấy xe chết máy trong vũng ngập cứ quen tay đề lại, hậu quả gãy tay biên là tốn cả trăm triệu sửa chữa.
Bài viết rất hữu ích cho các bác tài trong mùa mưa ngập này. Đúng là nguyên tắc quan trọng nhất khi xe chết máy là tuyệt đối không được cố nổ lại, cứ gọi cứu hộ kéo về xưởng kiểm tra cho an toàn.
Đúng là kinh nghiệm xương máu, xe chết máy ở chỗ ngập thì tuyệt đối không được nổ máy lại mà phải gọi cứu hộ ngay. Cảm ơn bài viết đã chia sẻ rất chi tiết và hữu ích cho anh em tài xế trong mùa mưa này!
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Bài viết rất hữu ích, nhất là trong mùa mưa bão ngập lụt như hiện nay. Nhiều người có thói quen xe chết máy là cố đề lại ngay, đến lúc cong tay biên hay vỡ lốc máy thì tiền sửa chữa tốn kém vô cùng.
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Bài viết rất hữu ích, đặc biệt là trong mùa mưa bão này. Nhiều người có thói quen xe chết máy là cố đề nổ lại ngay, hậu quả là cong gãy tay biên tốn kém rất nhiều chi phí sửa chữa.
Bài viết rất hữu ích cho các tài xế trong mùa mưa ngập. Nhiều người cứ theo phản xạ xe chết máy là cố đề lại, hậu quả gãy tay biên cong trục thì tốn cả đống tiền sửa chữa.
Bài viết rất hữu ích cho các bác tài trong mùa mưa bão này. Quan trọng nhất đúng là khi xe lỡ chết máy giữa chỗ ngập thì tuyệt đối không được đề lại, cứ tắt máy rồi gọi cứu hộ cho lành.
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Bài viết rất hữu ích cho mùa mưa ngập sắp tới. Nhiều tài mới cứ thấy chết máy là cố đề nổ lại ngay, hậu quả là gãy tay biên vỡ lốc máy tốn cả đống tiền sửa chữa.
Bài viết rất hữu ích cho mùa mưa bão này. Nhiều người có thói quen chết máy là cố đề nổ lại, đến lúc cong tay biên hay vỡ lốc máy thì chi phí sửa chữa tốn kém vô cùng.
Bài viết rất hữu ích cho các bác tài trong mùa mưa bão. Nhiều người cứ theo thói quen cố đề nổ lại khi xe chết máy giữa đường ngập, thế là cong tay biên tốn cả đống tiền sửa chữa!
Bài viết rất hữu ích cho mùa mưa ngập. Nhiều tài xế vẫn có thói quen cố đề nổ lại xe khi bị chết máy giữa vũng nước, hậu quả là gãy tay biên, hỏng máy cực kỳ tốn kém chi phí sửa chữa.
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Thông tin rất hữu ích trong mùa mưa ngập này. Đúng là khi xe chết máy thì nguyên tắc quan trọng nhất là tuyệt đối không được đề lại máy, tốt nhất cứ gọi cứu hộ kéo về xưởng cho an toàn.
Bài viết rất hữu ích, nhất là vào mùa mưa ngập đường xá như hiện nay. Đúng là lỡ xe có chết máy thì nguyên tắc sống còn là tuyệt đối không được đề nổ lại, cứ gọi cứu hộ kéo về hãng cho lành.
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